Chilep5b

**__Chile__** By Taylor Dehlin Layne Perkins Cody Nowe General Information and Entertainment History Cuisine

CHILE General Information and Entertainment! Welcome to the wonderful world Of Chile. It is here that63 millionpeople live today. (Country grams) Chile has one of the lowest growth rates in South America. (Country Reports) When Chile’s population grew, it was because of immigration from Europe in World War two. ( ddg) Ninety Five percent of the people have European History because of that. ( Country Reports) The Capital of Chile is __Santiago__. Its rare location gives it variety on the sites you can see. If you go to Santiago, you can visit the Andes Mountains, and the beach on the same day! ( Country Reports) You can also go see historic landmarks during the day, and go clubbing through out the night. __Down town Santiago__is heard to be a great experience. One Of the major landmarks in Santiago is the __Metropolitan Park-Zoo.__ ( Visit Chile) Chile has many different Religions all around its Country. The main religion that is practiced there is __Roman Catholic__. ( Country Reports) When Chile was first founded, many poor people practiced this religion, while the upper class would practice Protestantism, but over the years, it evolved into a major religion for Chile! ( Maps of the World) Chile is a unique country for many reasons. The __location and landscape__ of Chile creates a land of fun and variety. A great lot of Chile is covered by the Andes Mountain Range. ( Country reports) One side of Chile is facing the Coast of the Pacific Ocean, while the other side of Chile is considered the driest place on earth, also known as the Atacama desert. (Country Grams) Click on the Link to read what other kind of surprises you can find in the crazy landscape of Chile. Metropolitan Park- Zoo When your trying to find something to do, you can never go wrong with taking your family to a zoo. And in Chile, its not just any zoo, its an ordinary kind. It is called the Metropolitan Park-Zoo. Not only animals can be found in this park, but they are considered the main attraction here. ( easy to book) If you go deep into the Park-Zoo, you will find a huge set of swimming pools, and also the Japanese Park. ( professional travel guide) The Metropolitan Park is not only known for its variety's of Animals, Pools, and Parks, but also the beautiful vegitation and soothing air. ( proffesional travel guide) Also while your here, you can visit the Virgin Mary, which is considered one of the most visited places in Santiago! ( go chile) And if you work up an appetite on your way out you can stop at one of the many restaurants and pubs found in the naborhood. ( go chile) The nabor hood is called Barrio Bellavista, and is known for its wide selections of foods, drinks and places to party! ( Go chile) Down Town Santiago!: What better place to explore then the heart of chile, Santiago. Right when you enter into Plaza de Armas the journey of Chiles culture begins. (go chile) In Plaza de Armas you find an array of Chiles history, and also the ancient achitecture that was created there 500 years ago by the spanish and chilean settlers. (culture grams) You can also visit the Metropolitan Cathedra, the City Council, and the History Museum. (go chile) The fun doesn't stop there, a few blocks down you can stop at the Contemporart Art Museum. ( professional travel guide) Landscapes! The location of Chile makes a wide variety of different land scapes, weather, and fun. One third of Chile land is covered by the Andes Mountains. (Info Please) One side of Chile is face to face with the Pacific Ocean, while North part of Chile is known as the driest on earth, or known as the Atacama desert. Chile also runs throught easter island! There are volcanoes, deserts, swamps, forests, mountains, beaches, and lakes. Come to chile to experience it all! RELIGION! Like most countries in the world, chile has many different practices of religion. But of course it has one main religion, which is Roman Catholicism! But that has evolved over time. (maps of world) In chile Protestantism used to be practiced by fiftey percent of the population. Mostley practiced by the poorer chileans, Catholicism was practiced by the richer folks in Chile. And over years it slowley evolved into the most popular religion in Chile. (Maps of world) Over all in Chile, its free ground to practice what ever religion that the people truely believe in, there are no retrictions or policys telling the Chileans what they must practice! (maps of world) SANTIAGO! Santiago is a city that gets the best of both worlds! Because of its rare location in chile you can go to the beach and the Andes Mountains all in one trip! (sunsite) In Santiago there are a variety of villiages with different cultures on the country side, to go and relax during the day, and party at night! ( sunsite) Not only can you go to Santiago for fun, but its also a historic place with many historic land marks! (sunsite) Santiago is a very versatile city that has clubs all the way to templs and churches! (sunsite) POPULATION! Chile is a very narrow country, and it may actually appear smaller then it is! The population here is 16.3 million people though, so it is obviouslly a very large country. (culture grams) Chile has one of the lowest growth rates in South America. (culture grams) About ninety five percent of the people there have some sort of european heritage. (country reports) Most of the people here live in the metropolitan region of Santiago! Less then fifteen percent lives in rural areas! (Culture grams)

Chile’s History Chile, throughout its history, has been influenced by many countries to become one of the most successful countries in South America. The country itself has relied on other countries to follow their leads in economic and political growth ([|www.Britannica.com] .) Some of these countries included Spain, Britain , and even the United States. Supple amounts of their exports have helped them to strive throughout the colonial period, the nineteenth century, and also in the twentieth century. Some of these exports include gold and silver, wheat, and also copper Colonial Period ([|www.Britannica.com].)

The Colonial Period



In the Colonial period, Chile fought with the struggle of independence, finally gaining the recognition from Spain in 1818 ( Chile .) This struggle was known as the Spanish conquest. In this time, Europeans were sailing into South America looking for a discovery. Ferdinand Magellan sailed through the **Strait of Magellan**in about 1520 ( Chile .) This was the start of explorations; however the main problem for Chile was the Araucanians, which were mainly known as the **Mapuche Indians**. In the mid 16th Century the country had some one million Indians from several different groups (Culture Smart! Chile .) The Indians and Europeans combined created a struggle for the country’s independence. The Mapuche used clever tactics like stealing the Spanish horses to use to raid Spanish towns. They eventually gave up farming and devoted their lives to warfare ( Chile .) In the mid 17th century the Indians signed a peace treaty with the Spanish, but the Mapuche were not stopped until the late 1800’s.

The Spanish Conquest

The city of Santiago was officially founded by Spaniard Pedro de Valdivia in 1541. Valdivia was known for dividing the agricultural land in Chile among his soldiers. Once the land was divided, he gave them Indian slaves to farm the land. This system was known as //ecomienda// ( Chile .) However, once slavery was outlawed the Indian slaves became farmers on large plantations known as //haciendas// ( Chile .) Each of the hacienda was essentially a society in itself. It had its own store, church, and even school (www.britannica.com.) Each Indian grew food for themselves on their own patch of small land given to them located near their huts. This system continued in Chile until the mid 20th century.

Also during the Colonial period Chile was run by a Governor. This Governor was under the authority of the viceroy of **Peru** in Lima (Culture Smart! Chile .) The Spanish authority forbade Chile to trade with other Spanish colonies ( Chile .) Because of this, it led to many Chile civilians smuggling trade items. Because of all these restrictions, Chilean landowners lost their loyalty to Spain. The Independence Movement In a span of 20 years, Spain went from controlling territory all over the region to only controlling Cuba and Puerto Rico. The disappearance of the Spanish colonies was due to independence movements coming from all over Latin America (www.emayzine.com.) These movements came about because of the strict trade laws which were causing economic prosperity ( Chile .) September 18, 1810 Chile officially became independent from Spain with help from other Spanish colonies. However, this was not the end. It was later reclaimed again. Jose de San Martin and his army came to Chile fromArgentina in 1817 that the final victory was complete. Martin then appointed Bernardo O’Higgins the head of the new government. 19th Century  The 19th century was most known for the War of the Pacific from 1879 to 1883 ([|www.geographia.com] .) Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia, expanding their territory by a third of its land. It also gave the possession of the Atacama Desert. The benefit of this desert was that it was full of rich natural fertilizer, good for crops. This fertilizer became an important export for the next 40 years, also creating mining jobs for the group known as the middle class ( Chile .) Links- (For Chile History) <span style="display: block; text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Strait of Magellan <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Ferdinand Magellan traveled from Portugal ordered from the Spanish King to explore in 1520. His ships traveled through the narrow passage on November 1, which is now known as All Saints Day. It is known as a southern boundary. Pedro Sarmiento led the first attempt of Spanish Colonization because the area was suffering from food shortages. The Strait of Magellan is located South of Chile and North of Tierra del Fuego. Although it is not easy to navigate through, it is one of the most important and historically significant passage ways connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It is so narrow that at its most narrow point is around 4 to 15 kilometers. It was mostly important earlier on before the Panama Canal came about for ship sailing. However a down side of it is that the Strait is almost always foggy, but it is protected from storms out at sea. (All information from <span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none;">[|www.Encyclopedia.com] .) <span style="display: block; text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Mapuche Indians <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Mapuche or Araucanians occupied the south region of Chile in the time of the Spanish Conquest around 1540. These people relied strongly on agriculture, relying on crops and weather near and around their land. They were successful in the protection of Southern Chile by fighting off the Spanish settlers. They continued with these struggles through the 17th and 18th centuries which brought on the war of 1880-81 which was fought against the white settlers. Even nowadays there are campaigns in Chile still fighting to gain some of the forest land back that was taken from them in the 17th and 18th centuries. (All information from <span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none;">[|www.encyclopedia.com] .) <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Peru <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Peru, located in South America as well, is a country surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, Ecuador and Columbia , Brazil and Bolivia , and also Chile. The largest city is Lima, which is the capital city. The desert region of Peru is also very important to their success and survival. Within the coast line desert are 40 oases which are where most commercial farming takes place. Also their leading ports and vineyards are in the desert. 45% of Peru ’s population is indigenous, Mestizos make up 37% and whites make up 15%. The remaining percent is made up of Africans, Chinese, and Japanese. The official language is Quechua and most others speak Spanish which is the other official language commonly known. Their main farm exports are asparagus, cotton, coffee, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, platains, grapes, and oranges.(All information from www.encyclopedia.com.) <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Argentina <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Argentina, located in South America, is the second largest country in South America along with the eighth largest country in the world. The population is 36,027,041, and its capital city is Buenos Aires which its population is 13,755,993. Its official language is Spanish, and is 92% Christian (Roman Catholic.) Its government is a Federal Republic. Argentina includes many geological features like the Andes Mountains, which over look Patagonia which is the plateau region. Their climate is a sub-tropical but conditions remain pretty bad in the Andes. Like Peru, Argentina is heavy in agricultural production with its main products being beef, maize, and wheat. About 90% of the people live in urban areas, and there are many industrial factories.

Chilean Cuisine Chile, like most other south American countries has a cuisine based off of spices and pepers. The reason for this is because these types of spices are indigenous to these areas. So as in every country, the people naturally eat the food that is available to them. So with all of the spices and peppers in their area, it began to be in their diet, atarting out thousands of years ago with the first people that were settled there. Chile is also on the border of the continent, and is along the pacific ocean, so naturally, they have a lot of oceanic food in their cuisine. Chilean people also are one of the largest global producers of wine, so they have a lot of wine in their diet as well. There are a few main crops in Chile that are also in their diet a lot. Such as olives, corn, chirimoya, and potatoe. While chile is one individual country, there are three different distinct areas of change in diet of the people. There is the cuisine of the north, the cuisine of the central coast, and the cusine of the south. They each have their own individual recipies and customs, but they are also all very spicy foods, with a lot of different kinds of vegetables. The cusine in chile is very unique because of its specific types of foods that are indigenous to that area, but share some of the same foods as the countries right next to it, such as Argentina.

<span style="font-size: 220%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Bibliography

<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Times New Roman;">Perrone, Caterina. //Culture Smart! Chile//. 2nd. Hutton Grove, London: Kuperard, 2007. Print. Winter/Roraff, Jane/Susan. //Chile//. 2nd. Tarrytown, NY: Cavendish, 2002. Print. "Chile History and Culture." (2008) Web.4 May 2009. <http://www.geographia.com/chile/chilehistory.htm>.

"Chile History." (1997) Web.4 May 2009. <http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/HISTOR~5.htm>. "Colonial Period." (2008) Web.4 May 2009. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/111326/Chile/25248/Colonial-period>. " [|Araucanians] ." __The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition__. 2008. //Encyclopedia.com.// 4 May. 2009 < [|http://www.encyclopedia.com] >. " [|Argentina] ." __World Encyclopedia__. 2005. //Encyclopedia.com.// 4 May. 2009 < [|http://www.encyclopedia.com] >. " [|Strait of Magellan] ." __The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition__. 2008. //Encyclopedia.com.// 4 May. 2009 < [|http://www.encyclopedia.com] >. " [|Peru] ." __The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition__. 2008. //Encyclopedia.com.// 4 May. 2009 < [|http://www.encyclopedia.com] >.